Give-and-take matrix

The tool makes a project with subprojects within an overarching framework more integrative and can lead to improved interactions. It helps to clarify who does what and how the various contributions can best be connected.

Through this tool, mutual understanding will be strengthened. It helps to make mutual expectations explicit and to identify potentials for intensified or further collaboration.

The tool is generally helpful if links between subprojects are unclear, need to be specified or have changed.

Preferably the tool is applied at the very beginning of project planning, best during the actual problem framing.

In later project stages, it can for example be used to explore cross-cutting results or interrelations of achieved results, i.e. if additional analyses are possible based on the results from the interactions induced by the tool. It can further be used to write reports as links between research parts established and necessary cross-references established.

The tool is organized with one core matrix (give-and-take matrix) and proceeds as a group workshop of at least three hours, along the following steps:

1) Each subproject individually prepares answers to the following questions:

• TAKE: what would you like to get from each of the other subprojects (“desired TAKEs”)?
• GIVE: what can you offer to each of the other subprojects (“proposed GIVEs”)?

2) Mixed groups of two or three subprojects (depending on the number of the subprojects and/or team members, these steps can be followed in one or several groups) perform the following tasks:

• The first subproject starts by presenting its “desired TAKEs” and “proposed GIVEs.”
• The other subproject(s) react(s) by showing its (their)“desired TAKEs” and “proposed GIVEs.”
• ​The discussion of interfaces should fit as many “desired TAKEs” and “proposed GIVEs” as possible.

3) They meet again in the subprojects to perform the following tasks:

• Share what they have learned in the mixed group(s).
• Discuss how feasible it is to secure the “proposed GIVES” for the other subprojects in the research process.
• Define the necessary adaptations in their research design.

4) The plenary session covers the following agenda items:

• All subprojects summarize their proposed GIVEs to the other subprojects, using the give-and-take-matrix.
• All presented GIVE elements are acknowledged.

5) Concrete follow-up actions may be defined, detailing necessary adaptations in the different subprojects in response to the GIVEs promised and the TAKEs received. Some sort of (binding) agreement to follow the mutually discussed “give-and-take matrix” can be helpful.

A completed give-and-take matrix, giving an overview of potential reciprocal contributions among subprojects and thus illustrating valuable links and interfaces.

Further, an improved mutual understanding of the other subprojects and project team members will be achieved.

When no overarching project framework or no subprojects exist.

When either no readiness exists within a research team to adapt one’s own research or factors like time pressure hinder such adaptations.